Physiatry, also known as physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), is a specialized field of medicine dedicated to enhancing and restoring the functional ability and quality of life for individuals with physical impairments or disabilities. To become a physiatrist, one must undergo extensive training, including earning a bachelor’s degree, completing four years of medical school to obtain an MD or DO degree, and then undertaking a four-year residency in PM&R. Some may also pursue additional fellowship training in sub-specialties such as pain medicine, sports medicine, or pediatric rehabilitation. Physiatrists focus on non-surgical treatments by utilizing a combination of medical management, therapeutic exercises, injections, and assistive devices to treat a wide range of conditions such as spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, stroke, musculoskeletal disorders, and chronic pain. They often lead interdisciplinary teams to provide comprehensive care, working closely with physical therapists, occupational therapists, and other healthcare professionals to optimize patient outcomes and improve overall well-being. In this article we will discuss the field of physiatry, how to become a physiatrist, the difference between physical therapy and physiatry, and more.
Quick Navigation Links + FAQs
- What is a Physiatrist?
- What do Physiatrists do?
- How to become a Physiatrist doctor?
- What are the educational requirements to become a Physiatrist?
- Average salary for Physiatrists
- Do Physiatrists go to medical school?
- Do you need a PhD to become a Physiatrist?
- What is the difference between PT and Physiatry?
- Are Physiatrists real doctors?
- Is being a Physiatrist hard?
- Getting started in medicine
What is a Physiatrist?
A physiatrist, also known as a physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) physician, specializes in diagnosing, treating, and managing a wide array of conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system, neurological system, and other functional aspects that affect how people are about to move independently. Their primary focus is on enhancing and restoring functional ability and quality of life for individuals dealing with physical impairments or disabilities. Conditions commonly treated by physiatrists include spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, stroke, multiple sclerosis, sports injuries, back and neck pain, arthritis, and musculoskeletal disorders. They employ non-surgical treatments such as physical therapy, medications, injections, and assistive devices to manage pain and improve physical function.
Physiatrists work in various settings, including hospitals, rehabilitation centers, outpatient clinics, and private practices. Their goal is to help patients achieve optimal independence in their daily activities, improve mobility, and enhance overall well-being. By developing holistic and individualized treatment plans, physiatrists play a crucial role in the long-term rehabilitation and recovery process for patients with a wide range of physical challenges.
What do Physiatrists do?
Physiatrists are medical doctors who specialize in physical medicine and rehabilitation, focusing on the overall function and quality of life for patients with a range of physical ailments. One significant aspect of their role involves diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal conditions. For example, they may diagnose and address issues such as chronic back pain through a variety of non-surgical interventions including physical therapy, injections, and prescribing medications tailored to manage pain and inflammation. They also manage sports-related injuries, collaborate with athletic trainers, and develop rehabilitation programs to enable athletes to return to peak performance.
In addition to musculoskeletal care, physiatrists play a critical role in the neurorehabilitation of patients recovering from neurological events such as strokes or spinal cord injuries. They lead comprehensive rehabilitation programs that incorporate physical, occupational, and speech therapies. For instance, they help stroke survivors regain motor skills and improve mobility through targeted exercises and the use of adaptive equipment. They also assist patients with spinal cord injuries in maximizing their remaining functional abilities and improving their independence in daily activities. This might involve utilizing advanced technologies such as robotic-assisted therapies and neuromuscular electrical stimulation.
Physiatrists also manage complex rehabilitation cases, such as patients with amputations. They guide patients through the process of prosthetic fitting and training, ensuring that they effectively adapt to the use of artificial limbs. This includes educating patients on how to care for their residual limb to prevent complications, and customizing rehabilitation plans to enhance mobility and functional capacity. Additionally, physiatrists are involved in pain management and palliative care, offering interventions like nerve blocks and other pain relief techniques to improve the comfort and quality of life for individuals with chronic conditions or terminal illnesses. Through their diverse and multidisciplinary approach, physiatrists help patients overcome physical limitations and achieve their fullest potential.
How to become a Physiatrist?
To become a physiatrist, one must first complete a bachelor’s degree, typically in a science-related field, followed by four years of medical school to earn an MD or DO degree. During medical school, the aspiring physiatrist must pass the (USMLE) or the (COMLEX). After graduating, they must complete a four-year residency in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R). Board certification is then pursued by passing exams administered by the (ABPMR) or the (AOBPMR). Some may choose to further specialize by completing a fellowship in a subfield of PM&R, and ongoing education through continuing medical education (CME) is required to stay current in the field
What are a Physiatrist's schooling requirements?
A physiatrist’s schooling requirements typically include the following steps:
- Bachelor’s Degree: Complete a 4-year undergraduate program, often in a science-related field (e.g., biology, chemistry, or a pre-med track). Courses generally include biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics.
- Medical School: Attend and graduate from a medical school program (MD or DO) over 4 years. The first 2 years focus on foundational medical sciences coursework (e.g., anatomy, physiology, pharmacology). The last 2 years involve clinical rotations in various specialties (e.g., internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics).
- Licensing Exams: Pass the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) for MDs or Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX) for DOs.
- Residency: Complete a 4-year residency program in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R). Training includes both inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation, musculoskeletal medicine, neurological rehabilitation, and pain management.
- Board Certification: Obtain board certification by passing written and oral exams from the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (ABPMR) or the American Osteopathic Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AOBPMR).
- Fellowship (Optional): Pursue additional subspecialty fellowship training (e.g., pain medicine, sports medicine, pediatric rehabilitation) (usually 1-2 years).
- Continuing Medical Education: Engage in ongoing education to maintain certification and stay current with advances in the field.
What is the average salary for a Physiatrist?
Salaries for physicians, like many other career fields, vary greatly depending on the job duties, title, location, work experience etc. (AAMC) careers in medicine. Physicians that work for large hospitals, in academic settings, are often given job titles based on their experience, from assistant professor to associate professor to full professor. According to AAMC, assistant professors in physiatry make an average of $264,329, while associate professors make $285,097 and full professors make $322,822. Physiatrists that work in a private practice or community hospital usually make more money then those is an academic setting, so their salary may vary. No matter the type of job, physiatrists in any settings have a good salary due to their extensive education and training background.
Do Physiatrists go to med school?
Yes, physiatrists go to medical school. After completing a bachelor’s degree, aspiring physiatrists attend medical school for four years to earn either a Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Osteopathy (DO) degree. During medical school, they receive extensive training in medical sciences and clinical practice, which serves as the foundation for their subsequent specialized training in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R).
Do you need a PhD to be a Physiatrist?
No, you do not need a PhD to be a physiatrist. Instead, you need to earn a Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Osteopathy (DO) degree by completing medical school. After obtaining either of these medical degrees, you must complete a residency in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) to become a licensed and practicing physiatrist.
What is the difference between PT and Physiatry?
is a healthcare profession that focuses on assessing, diagnosing, and treating individuals with physical impairments or disabilities. Physical therapists (PTs) develop and implement customized treatment plans to help patients improve mobility, strength, flexibility, and overall physical function. They utilize various techniques, including therapeutic exercises, manual therapy, modalities such as ultrasound or electrical stimulation, and education on injury prevention and lifestyle modifications. PTs work in diverse settings, such as hospitals, outpatient clinics, rehabilitation centers, schools, and private practices, catering to patients of all age groups with conditions ranging from sports injuries to chronic illnesses.
Physiatry, also known as physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), is a medical specialty practiced by physicians called physiatrists. Physiatrists specialize in diagnosing, managing, and treating disorders and injuries affecting the musculoskeletal system, nervous system, and other bodily functions. Their primary aim is to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life. Treatment interventions often include medications, injections, physical modalities, and coordination of multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs. Physiatrists manage a wide range of conditions, including spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and chronic pain. They also oversee interdisciplinary teams to provide comprehensive, patient-centered care.
While both physical therapists and physiatrists focus on rehabilitating patients and improving physical function, their roles differ significantly in terms of scope and approach. Physical therapists are trained to provide hands-on therapeutic exercises and individualized treatment plans. In contrast, physiatrists, as medical doctors, have broader expertise in diagnosing underlying medical conditions and prescribing a variety of medical treatments, including medications and interventional procedures. Physiatrists often work collaboratively with physical therapists, referring patients for PT and coordinating overall care plans to optimize outcomes. Together, they form a crucial part of the rehabilitation team, but their distinct training and perspectives allow them to address patients’ needs through both individualized physical therapy interventions and comprehensive medical management.
Are Physiatrists real doctors?
Yes, physiatrists are real doctors. They are medical doctors who have completed extensive education and training to specialize in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R). This includes earning a Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Osteopathy (DO) degree from an accredited medical school, followed by completing a four-year residency in PM&R. After their residency, they may also obtain board certification by passing rigorous exams. Physiatrists are fully qualified to diagnose medical conditions, prescribe treatments, conduct medical procedures, and manage rehabilitation programs to enhance the functional abilities and quality of life of their patients.
Is being a Physiatrist hard?
Being a physiatrist can be challenging, much like other medical specialties, due to the extensive training required and the complexity of patient cases they manage. Physiatrists complete a rigorous education, including medical school and a residency in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), which is comparable in duration and intensity to other specialties. They often deal with multifaceted conditions requiring a comprehensive understanding of both the musculoskeletal and nervous systems, and their work involves coordinating interdisciplinary care, managing chronic pain, and supporting long-term rehabilitation, which can be emotionally demanding. However, the difficulty of any specialty is subjective and depends on individual interests and strengths, as each medical field has its own unique challenges and rewards
Getting started in Medicine
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Callie Torres is a resident physician working at a top tier institute in the Midwest. She is a freelance health and medical writer as well as an author of many peer reviewed medical articles. She additionally serves as a Captain in the United States Air Force.